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Signs of postpartum depression or baby blues?
Penny found 20 sources
with relevant information
1 peer-reviewed research article
7 professionally-backed sources
3 articles from healthcare institutions
Understanding the Difference: Baby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression
Most people experience some emotional changes after giving birth. The “baby blues” are very common and usually resolve on their own, while postpartum depression is more serious and may require treatment. Knowing the signs of each can help you recognize when extra support or professional help might be needed.
What Are the Baby Blues?
Short-term mood changes are common after birth
- The baby blues affect up to 80% of new mothers and usually start 2–3 days after delivery.
- Symptoms include mood swings, tearfulness, irritability, anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, trouble sleeping, and fatigue.
- These feelings come and go, are generally mild, and typically resolve within 1–2 weeks without treatment.
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The baby blues do not interfere significantly with your ability to function or care for your baby.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfPeople with perinatal depression ... Symptoms of postpartum blues are similar to perinatal depression, including tearfulness, crying spells, sorrow, mood swings, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, poor appetite, fatigue, and inability to think clearly. However, unlike postpartum blues, which ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govBaby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression | South Dakota Department of HealthNavigate the challenges of new motherhood with insights on babyblues and postpartum depression.Postnatal depression - NHSThis is often called the "babyblues" and is so common that it's considered normal. The "babyblues" do not last for more than 2 weeks after giving birth. If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression. Postnatal depression can start any time in the first year after giving birth. Signs ...Read full articleSource: nhs.ukBaby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineBabyblues and postpartum depression symptoms and can be distressing or even debilitating, but effective treatments are available.Is it “Baby Blues” or postpartum depression? How to tell the differenceWhen you’re expecting, you have extremely high levels of progesterone and estrogen in your body. These two hormones are instrumental in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, as well as contributing to the baby’s development. As soon as you deliver your child, though, these levels drop quite dramatically, which can cause immediate mood swings. The four in five mothers who experience BabyBlues typically start to show signs ...Feeling depressed after childbirth - NHSFind out about feeling down after giving birth, including how to tell the difference between the "babyblues" and postnatal depression.Read full articleSource: nhs.ukPostpartum Depression | ACOGPostpartumdepression causes intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair. This is a health condition that can be treated with medication and therapy.Postpartum Depression vs. Baby Blues | UPMC HealthBeatWhile both conditions involve emotional distress after childbirth, there are distinct differences. Duration — Baby blues last up to two weeks, whereas postpartum depression persists longer and lasts several months.Read full articleSource: UPMC HealthBeat
What Is Postpartum Depression?
More severe, persistent symptoms that impact daily life
- Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that can start any time in the first year after birth, but most often begins within the first few weeks.
- Symptoms are more intense and last longer than the baby blues, often interfering with daily life and the ability to care for yourself or your baby.
- Signs include:
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities (anhedonia)
- Significant changes in sleep or appetite
- Difficulty bonding with your baby
- Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt
- Trouble concentrating or making decisions
- Anxiety or panic attacks
- Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby (in severe cases)
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PPD does not resolve on its own and may last for months or longer without treatment.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfPeople with perinatal depression ... Symptoms of postpartum blues are similar to perinatal depression, including tearfulness, crying spells, sorrow, mood swings, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, poor appetite, fatigue, and inability to think clearly. However, unlike postpartum blues, which ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govPostpartum Blues vs Postpartum Depression | American Dental AssociationCommon signs of postpartum blues include: Feeling depressed and/or anxious.Baby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression | South Dakota Department of HealthNavigate the challenges of new motherhood with insights on babyblues and postpartum depression.Postnatal depression - NHSThis is often called the "babyblues" and is so common that it's considered normal. The "babyblues" do not last for more than 2 weeks after giving birth. If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression. Postnatal depression can start any time in the first year after giving birth. Signs ...Read full articleSource: nhs.ukBaby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineBabyblues and postpartum depression symptoms and can be distressing or even debilitating, but effective treatments are available.Is it “Baby Blues” or postpartum depression? How to tell the differenceWhen you’re expecting, you have extremely high levels of progesterone and estrogen in your body. These two hormones are instrumental in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, as well as contributing to the baby’s development. As soon as you deliver your child, though, these levels drop quite dramatically, which can cause immediate mood swings. The four in five mothers who experience BabyBlues typically start to show signs ...Feeling depressed after childbirth - NHSFind out about feeling down after giving birth, including how to tell the difference between the "babyblues" and postnatal depression.Read full articleSource: nhs.ukPostpartum Depression | ACOGPostpartumdepression causes intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair. This is a health condition that can be treated with medication and therapy.Postpartum Depression vs. Baby Blues | UPMC HealthBeatWhile both conditions involve emotional distress after childbirth, there are distinct differences. Duration — Baby blues last up to two weeks, whereas postpartum depression persists longer and lasts several months.Read full articleSource: UPMC HealthBeatPostpartum depression: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaHave a close family member who has had depression or anxiety · Have a poor relationship with your significant other or are single ... Feelings of anxiety, irritation, tearfulness, and restlessness are common in the week or two after you have your baby. These postpartum feelings are often called ...Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govPostpartum depression | Office on Women's HealthZuranolone, the first oral medication approved to treat postpartumdepression may be another option. These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign ...
How to Tell the Difference
Duration, severity, and impact on life
- Baby blues: Mild symptoms, start a few days after birth, resolve within 2 weeks, do not cause major problems with daily life.
- Postpartum depression: More severe symptoms, last longer than 2 weeks, and interfere with daily functioning or bonding with your baby.
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If symptoms persist beyond two weeks, worsen, or make it hard to care for yourself or your baby, it might be postpartum depression rather than the baby blues.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfPeople with perinatal depression ... Symptoms of postpartum blues are similar to perinatal depression, including tearfulness, crying spells, sorrow, mood swings, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, poor appetite, fatigue, and inability to think clearly. However, unlike postpartum blues, which ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govBaby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression | South Dakota Department of HealthNavigate the challenges of new motherhood with insights on babyblues and postpartum depression.Postnatal depression - NHSThis is often called the "babyblues" and is so common that it's considered normal. The "babyblues" do not last for more than 2 weeks after giving birth. If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression. Postnatal depression can start any time in the first year after giving birth. Signs ...Read full articleSource: nhs.ukBaby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineBabyblues and postpartum depression symptoms and can be distressing or even debilitating, but effective treatments are available.Is it “Baby Blues” or postpartum depression? How to tell the differenceWhen you’re expecting, you have extremely high levels of progesterone and estrogen in your body. These two hormones are instrumental in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, as well as contributing to the baby’s development. As soon as you deliver your child, though, these levels drop quite dramatically, which can cause immediate mood swings. The four in five mothers who experience BabyBlues typically start to show signs ...Feeling depressed after childbirth - NHSFind out about feeling down after giving birth, including how to tell the difference between the "babyblues" and postnatal depression.Read full articleSource: nhs.ukPostpartum Depression | ACOGPostpartumdepression causes intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair. This is a health condition that can be treated with medication and therapy.Postpartum Depression vs. Baby Blues | UPMC HealthBeatWhile both conditions involve emotional distress after childbirth, there are distinct differences. Duration — Baby blues last up to two weeks, whereas postpartum depression persists longer and lasts several months.Read full articleSource: UPMC HealthBeatPostpartum depression | Office on Women's HealthZuranolone, the first oral medication approved to treat postpartumdepression may be another option. These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign ...
When to Seek Help
Support is available and treatment works
- If you feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed for more than two weeks after birth, or if your symptoms are severe at any time, it might be beneficial to reach out to your OB/GYN, midwife, or a mental health professional.
- Immediate help is important if you have thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.
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Treatment options include therapy, medication, and support groups, and many people recover fully with the right support.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfPeople with perinatal depression ... Symptoms of postpartum blues are similar to perinatal depression, including tearfulness, crying spells, sorrow, mood swings, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, poor appetite, fatigue, and inability to think clearly. However, unlike postpartum blues, which ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govPostpartum Blues vs Postpartum Depression | American Dental AssociationCommon signs of postpartum blues include: Feeling depressed and/or anxious.Baby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression | South Dakota Department of HealthNavigate the challenges of new motherhood with insights on babyblues and postpartum depression.Postnatal depression - NHSThis is often called the "babyblues" and is so common that it's considered normal. The "babyblues" do not last for more than 2 weeks after giving birth. If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression. Postnatal depression can start any time in the first year after giving birth. Signs ...Read full articleSource: nhs.ukBaby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineBabyblues and postpartum depression symptoms and can be distressing or even debilitating, but effective treatments are available.Postpartum Depression | ACOGPostpartumdepression causes intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair. This is a health condition that can be treated with medication and therapy.Postpartum Depression vs. Baby Blues | UPMC HealthBeatWhile both conditions involve emotional distress after childbirth, there are distinct differences. Duration — Baby blues last up to two weeks, whereas postpartum depression persists longer and lasts several months.Read full articleSource: UPMC HealthBeatPostpartum depression: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaHave a close family member who has had depression or anxiety · Have a poor relationship with your significant other or are single ... Feelings of anxiety, irritation, tearfulness, and restlessness are common in the week or two after you have your baby. These postpartum feelings are often called ...Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govPostpartum depression | Office on Women's HealthZuranolone, the first oral medication approved to treat postpartumdepression may be another option. These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign ...
Moving Forward: Recognizing and Addressing Emotional Changes After Birth
Feeling emotional after birth is common, but the intensity and duration of your symptoms matter. The baby blues are short-lived and mild, while postpartum depression is more serious and persistent. If you or someone you know is struggling, reaching out for help can make a significant difference for both you and your baby.
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Peer-Reviewed Research
Published, peer-reviewed scientific studies from journals or databases.
1
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
People with perinatal depression ... Symptoms of postpartum blues are similar to perinatal depression, including tearfulness, crying spells, sorrow, mood swings, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, poor appetite, fatigue, and inability to think clearly. However, unlike postpartum blues, which ...
Read full article
Source:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Preventing postpartum depression: Review and recommendations - PMC
Intent-to-treat analysis showed that both before birth (3 months after baseline) and six months postpartum women in the intervention group experienced significant reductions in depression diagnoses (as determined by the SCID; p<.003, p<.005, respectively) and depressive symptoms (as measured ...
Clinical Guidelines & Professional Sources
Clinical recommendations from government, public health organizations, or professional medical provider associations.
2
Baby Blues vs. Postpartum Depression | South Dakota Department of Health
Navigate the challenges of new motherhood with insights on babyblues and postpartum depression.
3
Postnatal depression - NHS
This is often called the "babyblues" and is so common that it's considered normal. The "babyblues" do not last for more than 2 weeks after giving birth. If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression. Postnatal depression can start any time in the first year after giving birth. Signs ...
Read full article
Source:
nhs.uk
6
Feeling depressed after childbirth - NHS
Find out about feeling down after giving birth, including how to tell the difference between the "babyblues" and postnatal depression.
Read full article
Source:
nhs.uk
7
Postpartum Depression | ACOG
Postpartumdepression causes intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair. This is a health condition that can be treated with medication and therapy.
9
Postpartum Blues vs Postpartum Depression | American Dental Association
Common signs of postpartum blues include: Feeling depressed and/or anxious.
10
Postpartum depression: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Have a close family member who has had depression or anxiety · Have a poor relationship with your significant other or are single ... Feelings of anxiety, irritation, tearfulness, and restlessness are common in the week or two after you have your baby. These postpartum feelings are often called ...
Read full article
Source:
medlineplus.gov
11
Postpartum depression | Office on Women's Health
Zuranolone, the first oral medication approved to treat postpartumdepression may be another option. These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign ...
Psychiatry.org - What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?
Connect with support groups through Postpartum Support International, including local support groups, and online support. Strong support from partners, family and friends is very important. Here are some suggestions from Moms’ Mental Health Matters, a National Institutes for Health initiative, for how loved ones can help: If you or someone you know needs support now, call or text 988, or chat 988lifeline.org · Know the Signs. Learn to recognize the symptoms ofdepression ...
National Helpline for Mental Health, Drug, Alcohol Issues | SAMHSA
SAMHSA’s National Helpline is a free, confidential, 24/7, 365-day-a-year treatment referral and information service (in English and Spanish) for individuals and families facing mental and/or substance use disorders.
Symptoms of Depression Among Women | Reproductive Health | CDC
Information about symptoms of and seeking treatment for depressionorpostpartumdepression.
Symptoms - Postnatal depression - NHS
loss of interest in the world around you and no longer enjoying things that used to give you pleasure (like you "cannot be bothered") ... negative thoughts such as feeling you are not a good enough mother, you are unable to look after your baby or your baby does not love you ...
Read full article
Source:
nhs.uk
Home | SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SAMHSA leads efforts to advance behavioral health across the U.S., offering resources for mental health, substance use, and community well-being.
Timing of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) is a peer-reviewed electronic journal established by the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. PCD provides an open exchange of information and knowledge among researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and others who strive to ...
Medical & Academic Institutions
Information from hospitals, research institutions, or academic medical centers known for clinical expertise and research contributions.
4
Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Babyblues and postpartum depression symptoms and can be distressing or even debilitating, but effective treatments are available.
5
Is it “Baby Blues” or postpartum depression? How to tell the difference
When you’re expecting, you have extremely high levels of progesterone and estrogen in your body. These two hormones are instrumental in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, as well as contributing to the baby’s development. As soon as you deliver your child, though, these levels drop quite dramatically, which can cause immediate mood swings. The four in five mothers who experience BabyBlues typically start to show signs ...
8
Postpartum Depression vs. Baby Blues | UPMC HealthBeat
While both conditions involve emotional distress after childbirth, there are distinct differences. Duration — Baby blues last up to two weeks, whereas postpartum depression persists longer and lasts several months.
Read full article
Source:
UPMC HealthBeat
Baby Blues Information
Many women get postpartum blues, also called the "baby blues," during the first few days after childbirth. They may lose sleep, feel irritable, cry easily, and feel happy one minute and sad the next. Hormone changes are one cause of these emotional changes. Also, the demands of a new baby, ...
Read full article
Source:
ColumbiaDoctors
8 Signs of Postpartum Depression - Capital Women's Care
Crying, mood changes, lethargy, guilt, and fatigue are just some of the common symptoms of both. Postpartum depression can last up to one year, and requires assistance from our trained OBGYNs in Rockville, MD.
Read full article
Source:
obgynmaryland.com
General Health & Web Sources
Publicly available health-related articles from non-peer-reviewed sources. These may reference research or clinical guidelines, but are not primary sources.
Uncategorized Sources
Information from sources that have not yet been categorized.
What made this response need improvement?
What are the risk factors for developing postpartum depression?
Penny found 20 sources
with relevant information
7 peer-reviewed research articles
1 professionally-backed source
3 articles from healthcare institutions
What Increases the Risk of Postpartum Depression?
Postpartum depression (PPD) is influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. While anyone can experience PPD, certain factors make it more likely.
Key Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression
Multiple influences can increase vulnerability
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Personal or family history of depression or anxiety: Having experienced depression, anxiety, or other mood disorders in the past (including during pregnancy) is one of the strongest predictors.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfThe rapid drop in estrogen and ... postpartum blues and trigger depressive episodes in susceptible people. In a meta-analysis of 33 studies, gestational diabetes, having boy infants, a history of depression, and epidural anesthesia use were noted as risk factors for perinatal ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govRisk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online LibraryIntroduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentsThere are some factors that increase risk, though. People at risk of developing postpartum depression include: People with a lot of other stress in their life. Parents of a sick or colicky baby. People who had depressive episodes before or during pregnancy. Those without enough support from ...Read full articleSource: UPMCBaby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineLikewise, mothers who have had depression symptoms after previous pregnancies are apt to have them again. Family history. Those who have family members who have suffered with postpartum mood disorders are more likely to experience them also. Genetics. Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Reproductive Psychiatry identified epigenetic biomarkers — differences in the activity of certain genes — that may predict who’s most likely atrisk ...Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study | Archives of Public Health | Full TextBackground Postpartumdepression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify riskfactors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Information ...
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High stress or recent negative life events: Major stressors such as financial difficulties, relationship problems, or traumatic experiences can increase risk.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online LibraryIntroduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study | Archives of Public Health | Full TextBackground Postpartumdepression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify riskfactors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Information ...Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMed
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Lack of social support: Limited support from partners, family, or friends is a significant risk factor.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online LibraryIntroduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentsThere are some factors that increase risk, though. People at risk of developing postpartum depression include: People with a lot of other stress in their life. Parents of a sick or colicky baby. People who had depressive episodes before or during pregnancy. Those without enough support from ...Read full articleSource: UPMCPostpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMed
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Current or past abuse: Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse—either currently or in the past—raises the risk.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online LibraryIntroduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study | Archives of Public Health | Full TextBackground Postpartumdepression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify riskfactors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Information ...Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMed
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Complicated pregnancy or birth: Difficulties such as gestational diabetes, preterm birth, cesarean section, or negative birth experiences may contribute.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfThe rapid drop in estrogen and ... postpartum blues and trigger depressive episodes in susceptible people. In a meta-analysis of 33 studies, gestational diabetes, having boy infants, a history of depression, and epidural anesthesia use were noted as risk factors for perinatal ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govRisk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online LibraryIntroduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMedThe prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women during the early postpartum period: a retrospective secondary data analysis - ScienceDirectPostpartumdepression (PPD) is common and detrimental affecting both maternal health and child development. The purpose of this study was to determine…Read full articleSource: sciencedirect.com
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Sleep deprivation: Poor sleep quality or significant sleep disruption after birth is linked to higher rates of PPD.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfThe rapid drop in estrogen and ... postpartum blues and trigger depressive episodes in susceptible people. In a meta-analysis of 33 studies, gestational diabetes, having boy infants, a history of depression, and epidural anesthesia use were noted as risk factors for perinatal ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govPostpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMed
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Hormonal changes: The rapid drop in estrogen and progesterone after delivery can trigger depressive episodes in susceptible people.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI BookshelfThe rapid drop in estrogen and ... postpartum blues and trigger depressive episodes in susceptible people. In a meta-analysis of 33 studies, gestational diabetes, having boy infants, a history of depression, and epidural anesthesia use were noted as risk factors for perinatal ...Read full articleSource: ncbi.nlm.nih.govPostpartum depression | Office on Women's HealthYes. You may be more at riskofpostpartumdepression if you: ... The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that doctors look for and ask about symptoms of depression during and after pregnancy, regardless of a woman’s riskofdepression.4Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.com
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Other medical conditions: Thyroid dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, or chronic illness can play a role.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...Postpartum depression | Office on Women's HealthYes. You may be more at riskofpostpartumdepression if you: ... The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that doctors look for and ask about symptoms of depression during and after pregnancy, regardless of a woman’s riskofdepression.4Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMed
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Young age or first-time parenthood: Being under 25 or a first-time parent may increase risk, as can being over 40 with twins.
New Study IDs Moms at Highest Risk for Postpartum DepressionIt is vital to better identify the riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression, the researchers said, because of the potential health effects on both moms and their children. For example, the researchers highlight that women are twice as likely as men to experience depression during their childbearing ...Risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms: A multinational study - ScienceDirectTo our knowledge, this study is the first to examine riskfactorsforpostpartum symptoms using the same survey across a large international population. These results can further research and clinical aims to identify and treat maternal depression more effectively.Read full articleSource: sciencedirect.com
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Unplanned or unwanted pregnancy: Not planning or wanting the pregnancy is associated with higher risk.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...The prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women during the early postpartum period: a retrospective secondary data analysis - ScienceDirectPostpartumdepression (PPD) is common and detrimental affecting both maternal health and child development. The purpose of this study was to determine…Read full articleSource: sciencedirect.com
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Socioeconomic factors: Low income, unemployment, or lower educational level are also linked to increased risk.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMCResearch on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...The prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women during the early postpartum period: a retrospective secondary data analysis - ScienceDirectPostpartumdepression (PPD) is common and detrimental affecting both maternal health and child development. The purpose of this study was to determine…Read full articleSource: sciencedirect.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMed
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Multiple births: Having twins or higher-order multiples increases the likelihood of PPD.
New Study IDs Moms at Highest Risk for Postpartum DepressionIt is vital to better identify the riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression, the researchers said, because of the potential health effects on both moms and their children. For example, the researchers highlight that women are twice as likely as men to experience depression during their childbearing ...Risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms: A multinational study - ScienceDirectTo our knowledge, this study is the first to examine riskfactorsforpostpartum symptoms using the same survey across a large international population. These results can further research and clinical aims to identify and treat maternal depression more effectively.Read full articleSource: sciencedirect.comRisk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMedThirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.Read full articleSource: PubMed
Additional Considerations
Risk is complex and personal
- No single factor causes PPD, and having one or more risk factors does not mean someone will definitely experience it.
- Some people with no obvious risk factors may still develop PPD, while others with several risk factors may not.
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The more risk factors present, the higher the likelihood, especially if there is a history of depression or limited support.
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online LibraryIntroduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentsThere are some factors that increase risk, though. People at risk of developing postpartum depression include: People with a lot of other stress in their life. Parents of a sick or colicky baby. People who had depressive episodes before or during pregnancy. Those without enough support from ...Read full articleSource: UPMCBaby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineLikewise, mothers who have had depression symptoms after previous pregnancies are apt to have them again. Family history. Those who have family members who have suffered with postpartum mood disorders are more likely to experience them also. Genetics. Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Reproductive Psychiatry identified epigenetic biomarkers — differences in the activity of certain genes — that may predict who’s most likely atrisk ...Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future PerspectivesThis gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...Read full articleSource: mdpi.com
Why Knowing Your Risk Matters
Understanding your personal risk factors can help you and your healthcare team plan for extra support during and after pregnancy. Early identification and intervention can make a significant difference in recovery and well-being for both you and your baby.
Taking Action: What to Do If You’re at Higher Risk
If you recognize any of these risk factors in yourself, consider discussing them with your OB/GYN, midwife, or mental health professional. They can help you create a plan for monitoring your mood, accessing support, and getting help early if needed. Screening and support are available, and treatment is effective for most people.
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
The rapid drop in estrogen and ... postpartum blues and trigger depressive episodes in susceptible people. In a meta-analysis of 33 studies, gestational diabetes, having boy infants, a history of depression, and epidural anesthesia use were noted as risk factors for perinatal ...
Read full article
Source:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online Library
Introduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...
Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
There are some factors that increase risk, though. People at risk of developing postpartum depression include: People with a lot of other stress in their life. Parents of a sick or colicky baby. People who had depressive episodes before or during pregnancy. Those without enough support from ...
Read full article
Source:
UPMC
Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Likewise, mothers who have had depression symptoms after previous pregnancies are apt to have them again. Family history. Those who have family members who have suffered with postpartum mood disorders are more likely to experience them also. Genetics. Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Reproductive Psychiatry identified epigenetic biomarkers — differences in the activity of certain genes — that may predict who’s most likely atrisk ...
Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study | Archives of Public Health | Full Text
Background Postpartumdepression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify riskfactors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Information ...
Postpartum depression | Office on Women's Health
Yes. You may be more at riskofpostpartumdepression if you: ... The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that doctors look for and ask about symptoms of depression during and after pregnancy, regardless of a woman’s riskofdepression.4
Providing feedback helps us improve Penny's responses.
Peer-Reviewed Research
Published, peer-reviewed scientific studies from journals or databases.
12
Perinatal Depression - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
The rapid drop in estrogen and ... postpartum blues and trigger depressive episodes in susceptible people. In a meta-analysis of 33 studies, gestational diabetes, having boy infants, a history of depression, and epidural anesthesia use were noted as risk factors for perinatal ...
Read full article
Source:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
13
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression - PMC
Research on postpartumdepression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the riskfactors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some riskfactorsfor ...
14
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review - Hutchens - 2020 - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health - Wiley Online Library
Introduction A deeper understanding of riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthes...
17
Identifying risk factors for postpartum depression in Mashhad, Iran, 2017–2024: a population-based case-control study | Archives of Public Health | Full Text
Background Postpartumdepression (PPD) is a common and debilitating disorder affecting mothers worldwide. This study aimed to identify riskfactors and the frequency of PPD in Mashhad, Iran. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the Sina Health Information ...
18
Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
This gap underscores the urgent ... to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals. Keywords: postpartumdepression; perinatal depression; maternal mental health; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; riskfactors; pharmacological treatment; cognitive behavioral ...
Read full article
Source:
mdpi.com
19
Risk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses - PubMed
Thirteen riskfactors were identified, but five factors still controversial due to the insufficient of the evidence. What's more, skin-to-skin care and some nutrition related factors are protective factors against PPD.
Read full article
Source:
PubMed
20
The prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women during the early postpartum period: a retrospective secondary data analysis - ScienceDirect
Postpartumdepression (PPD) is common and detrimental affecting both maternal health and child development. The purpose of this study was to determine…
Read full article
Source:
sciencedirect.com
Risk factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms: A multinational study - ScienceDirect
To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine riskfactorsforpostpartum symptoms using the same survey across a large international population. These results can further research and clinical aims to identify and treat maternal depression more effectively.
Read full article
Source:
sciencedirect.com
“A systematic review of risk factors of postpartum depression. Evidence from Asian culture “ - ScienceDirect
It emphasizes the timelyscreening for symptoms of depressionandriskfactors to facilitate appropriate interventions. One of the largest health concerns, postpartumdepression (PPD), has detrimental effects on new mothers, their child, and their family.
Read full article
Source:
sciencedirect.com
Frontiers | A Comprehensive Analysis of Post-partum Depression Risk Factors: The Role of Socio-Demographic, Individual, Relational, and Delivery Characteristics
Data was collected at three different ... of post-natal depression symptomatology was measured at T3 (1 month after birth). Postpartumdepression is associated with several riskfactors (woman's age, woman's prenatal psychopathological characteristics, the level of prenatal ...
Read full article
Source:
Frontiers
Risk factors for the development of postpartum depression in individuals who screened positive for antenatal depression | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text
Background Women with antenatal depression often have a higher risk of developing postpartumdepression (PPD) after delivery. A number of factors associated with the PDD in those previously reporting antenatal depression have been suggested, but further research is needed.
Postpartum Depression and Role of Serum Trace Elements - PMC
Psychologic problems: To name some of these problems we can mention low self-esteem, poor marital relationship, childcare stress, unplanned/unwanted pregnancy and stressful life events. ... So many studies have addressed various pathophysiologies for postpartum depression.
Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature - ScienceDirect
Postpartum nonpsychotic depression is the most common complication of childbearing, affecting approximately 10–15% of women and, as such, represents a considerable health problem affecting women and their families. This systematic review provides a synthesis of the recent literature pertaining ...
Read full article
Source:
sciencedirect.com
Clinical Guidelines & Professional Sources
Clinical recommendations from government, public health organizations, or professional medical provider associations.
21
Postpartum depression | Office on Women's Health
Yes. You may be more at riskofpostpartumdepression if you: ... The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that doctors look for and ask about symptoms of depression during and after pregnancy, regardless of a woman’s riskofdepression.4
Postnatal depression - NHS
Postnatal depressionis a type of depression that many parents experience after having a baby. It's a common problem. Depression in pregnancy (antenatal depression) is also common.
Read full article
Source:
nhs.uk
Home | SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SAMHSA leads efforts to advance behavioral health across the U.S., offering resources for mental health, substance use, and community well-being.
Medical & Academic Institutions
Information from hospitals, research institutions, or academic medical centers known for clinical expertise and research contributions.
15
Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
There are some factors that increase risk, though. People at risk of developing postpartum depression include: People with a lot of other stress in their life. Parents of a sick or colicky baby. People who had depressive episodes before or during pregnancy. Those without enough support from ...
Read full article
Source:
UPMC
16
Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression: Mood Disorders and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Likewise, mothers who have had depression symptoms after previous pregnancies are apt to have them again. Family history. Those who have family members who have suffered with postpartum mood disorders are more likely to experience them also. Genetics. Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Reproductive Psychiatry identified epigenetic biomarkers — differences in the activity of certain genes — that may predict who’s most likely atrisk ...
22
New Study IDs Moms at Highest Risk for Postpartum Depression
It is vital to better identify the riskfactorsforpostpartumdepression, the researchers said, because of the potential health effects on both moms and their children. For example, the researchers highlight that women are twice as likely as men to experience depression during their childbearing ...
Postpartum Depression: Who is at Risk? - MGH Center for Women's Mental Health
Since postpartumdepression can ... which women are at greatest riskfor PPD. All women are vulnerable to postpartumdepression, regardless of age, marital status, education level, or socioeconomic status. However, there may be certain factors that increase a woman’s chance ...
General Health & Web Sources
Publicly available health-related articles from non-peer-reviewed sources. These may reference research or clinical guidelines, but are not primary sources.
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