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Overview
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with a range of risks for both the pregnant person and the developing fetus. The most serious consequence is fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), a group of lifelong physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities. There is no known safe amount or safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy, and leading health organizations recommend complete abstinence to prevent these risks.
Key Points
What Are FASDs?
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) refer to a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. These include:
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): The most severe form, with distinct facial features, growth problems, and central nervous system issues.
- Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND): Learning and behavioral problems without the full FAS facial features.
- Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD): Physical defects in organs such as the heart, kidneys, or bones.About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDCFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. These conditions can affect each person in different ways and can range from mild to severe. People with FASDs can have lifelong effects, including problems with behavior ...Alcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlusDrinking alcohol while pregnant can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe is fetal alcohol syndrome. Learn the risks and available treatments and therapies.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...Read full articleSource: Cleveland Clinic
Risks of Alcohol Use in Pregnancy
- No Safe Amount: Research consistently shows there is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. Even low or moderate drinking can affect fetal development.About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDCAlcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaPregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlusDrinking alcohol while pregnant can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe is fetal alcohol syndrome. Learn the risks and available treatments and therapies.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...Read full articleSource: Cleveland ClinicAlcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.Alcohol and pregnancy: is drinking up two units twice a week ‘safe’ or should pregnant women completely abstain? - ARC WestWe found very few studies that answered the research question on the specific range of alcohol exposure. The studies we found provided some evidence that even light alcoholconsumptioninpregnancy is associated with a small increase in risk of preterm delivery and babies being born small for ...Read full articleSource: ARC WestFetal alcohol spectrum disorders | Nature Reviews Disease PrimersHarm from prenatal alcohol exposure ... alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which are characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment with or without facial dysmorphology, congenital anomalies and poor growth....Read full articleSource: NatureAlcohol and pregnancy | Ready Steady Baby!Information about alcoholandpregnancy. Includes how alcohol can affect babies, making it more likely they'll be born early or underweightRead full articleSource: NHS InformDrinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical CenterStillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.Global Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - PubMedResults: A total of 24 unique studies ... of FASD among children and youth in the general population was estimated to be 7.7 per 1000 population (95% CI, 4.9-11.7 per 1000 population)....Read full articleSource: PubMed
- Timing: Alcohol can harm the fetus at any stage of pregnancy, including before a person knows they are pregnant. The first trimester is especially sensitive, but risks remain throughout pregnancy.About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDCAlcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaPregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...Read full articleSource: Cleveland ClinicAlcohol and pregnancy | Ready Steady Baby!Information about alcoholandpregnancy. Includes how alcohol can affect babies, making it more likely they'll be born early or underweightRead full articleSource: NHS InformDrinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical CenterStillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.
- Types of Harm:
- Increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm birth.About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDCAlcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaPregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govAlcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.Drinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical CenterStillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) refers to the wide range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments that occur due to alcohol exposure before birth (also known as prenatal alcohol exposure). These impairments may appear at any time during childhood and last a lifetime.Read full articleSource: niaaa.nih.gov
- Low birthweight and impaired growth.About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDCAlcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...Alcohol Use in Pregnancy - PMCPrevious studies have noted that overall maternal alcohol consumption, including first-trimester or late-pregnancy use, can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction as well as an increased risk of stillbirth.14,38,39 However, the impact of maternal specifically low-dose alcohol ...Alcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaPregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govAlcohol and pregnancy: is drinking up two units twice a week ‘safe’ or should pregnant women completely abstain? - ARC WestWe found very few studies that answered the research question on the specific range of alcohol exposure. The studies we found provided some evidence that even light alcoholconsumptioninpregnancy is associated with a small increase in risk of preterm delivery and babies being born small for ...Read full articleSource: ARC WestFetal alcohol spectrum disorders | Nature Reviews Disease PrimersHarm from prenatal alcohol exposure ... alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which are characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment with or without facial dysmorphology, congenital anomalies and poor growth....Read full articleSource: NatureAlcohol and pregnancy | Ready Steady Baby!Information about alcoholandpregnancy. Includes how alcohol can affect babies, making it more likely they'll be born early or underweightRead full articleSource: NHS InformDrinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical CenterStillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.
- Lifelong neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems, including learning disabilities, attention deficits, and social difficulties.About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDCAlcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | Nature Reviews Disease PrimersHarm from prenatal alcohol exposure ... alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which are characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment with or without facial dysmorphology, congenital anomalies and poor growth....Read full articleSource: NatureAbout Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDCFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. These conditions can affect each person in different ways and can range from mild to severe. People with FASDs can have lifelong effects, including problems with behavior ...Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlusDrinking alcohol while pregnant can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe is fetal alcohol syndrome. Learn the risks and available treatments and therapies.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...Read full articleSource: Cleveland ClinicAlcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.Drinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical CenterStillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.
- Physical birth defects, especially with higher or binge-level exposures.Alcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins MedicineFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaPregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govAbout Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDCFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. These conditions can affect each person in different ways and can range from mild to severe. People with FASDs can have lifelong effects, including problems with behavior ...Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...Read full articleSource: Cleveland Clinic
- Increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm birth.
- Binge Drinking: Consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short period (binge drinking) greatly increases the risk of FASDs and other alcohol-related harm.Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaPregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.Read full articleSource: medlineplus.govAlcohol Use in Pregnancy - PMCPrevious studies have noted that overall maternal alcohol consumption, including first-trimester or late-pregnancy use, can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction as well as an increased risk of stillbirth.14,38,39 However, the impact of maternal specifically low-dose alcohol ...Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) refers to the wide range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments that occur due to alcohol exposure before birth (also known as prenatal alcohol exposure). These impairments may appear at any time during childhood and last a lifetime.Read full articleSource: niaaa.nih.gov
Prevalence and Impact
- FASD Prevalence: Globally, FASDs affect an estimated 7.7 per 1,000 children and youth, though rates are higher in some populations.Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among special subpopulations: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMedPrevalence estimates were collated for all included studies with country-, disorder- [FASDand fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)] and population-specific random-effects meta-analyses conducted. Setting and participants: A number of service-defined subpopulations globally (see Findings). Measurements: The main outcome ...Read full articleSource: PubMedPopulation-based prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada | BMC Public Health | Full TextBackground Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the most disabling potential outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure. The population-based prevalenceofFASD among the general population of Canada was unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the population-based prevalence ...Read full articleSource: BioMed CentralGlobal Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - PubMedResults: A total of 24 unique studies ... of FASD among children and youth in the general population was estimated to be 7.7 per 1000 population (95% CI, 4.9-11.7 per 1000 population)....Read full articleSource: PubMed
- Preventability: FASDs are entirely preventable by avoiding alcohol during pregnancy.About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDCFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. These conditions can affect each person in different ways and can range from mild to severe. People with FASDs can have lifelong effects, including problems with behavior ...Alcohol and pregnancy | Ready Steady Baby!Information about alcoholandpregnancy. Includes how alcohol can affect babies, making it more likely they'll be born early or underweightRead full articleSource: NHS InformFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...Read full articleSource: Cleveland ClinicGlobal Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - PubMedResults: A total of 24 unique studies ... of FASD among children and youth in the general population was estimated to be 7.7 per 1000 population (95% CI, 4.9-11.7 per 1000 population)....Read full articleSource: PubMed
Why Is There No "Safe" Limit?
- Individual Differences: The effects of alcohol can vary based on genetics, timing, amount, and other factors, making it impossible to predict which pregnancies will be affected.About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDCAlcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...Alcohol Use in Pregnancy - PMCPrevious studies have noted that overall maternal alcohol consumption, including first-trimester or late-pregnancy use, can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction as well as an increased risk of stillbirth.14,38,39 However, the impact of maternal specifically low-dose alcohol ...Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | Nature Reviews Disease PrimersHarm from prenatal alcohol exposure ... alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which are characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment with or without facial dysmorphology, congenital anomalies and poor growth....Read full articleSource: NatureDrinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical CenterStillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.
- Research Gaps: While heavy and binge drinking are clearly linked to FASDs, even light drinking has been associated with small increases in risk for preterm birth and low birthweight. There is not enough evidence to establish a "safe" threshold.Alcohol and pregnancy: is drinking up two units twice a week ‘safe’ or should pregnant women completely abstain? - ARC WestWe found very few studies that answered the research question on the specific range of alcohol exposure. The studies we found provided some evidence that even light alcoholconsumptioninpregnancy is associated with a small increase in risk of preterm delivery and babies being born small for ...Read full articleSource: ARC WestDrinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical CenterStillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.
Summary
Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong and preventable conditions known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). There is no known safe amount or safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy, and the safest approach is to avoid alcohol entirely if you are pregnant or trying to conceive. FASDs can result in physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities, and the risk increases with the amount and frequency of alcohol consumed. If you have concerns about alcohol use during pregnancy, it might be beneficial to discuss them with your OB/GYN or healthcare provider, who can work with you on your personal course of care.
About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDC
Alcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...
Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Pregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.
Read full article
Source:
medlineplus.gov
About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. These conditions can affect each person in different ways and can range from mild to severe. People with FASDs can have lifelong effects, including problems with behavior ...
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus
Drinking alcohol while pregnant can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe is fetal alcohol syndrome. Learn the risks and available treatments and therapies.
Read full article
Source:
medlineplus.gov
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...
Read full article
Source:
Cleveland Clinic
Alcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.
Alcohol and pregnancy: is drinking up two units twice a week ‘safe’ or should pregnant women completely abstain? - ARC West
We found very few studies that answered the research question on the specific range of alcohol exposure. The studies we found provided some evidence that even light alcoholconsumptioninpregnancy is associated with a small increase in risk of preterm delivery and babies being born small for ...
Read full article
Source:
ARC West
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Harm from prenatal alcohol exposure ... alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which are characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment with or without facial dysmorphology, congenital anomalies and poor growth....
Read full article
Source:
Nature
Alcohol and pregnancy | Ready Steady Baby!
Information about alcoholandpregnancy. Includes how alcohol can affect babies, making it more likely they'll be born early or underweight
Read full article
Source:
NHS Inform
Drinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical Center
Stillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.
Global Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - PubMed
Results: A total of 24 unique studies ... of FASD among children and youth in the general population was estimated to be 7.7 per 1000 population (95% CI, 4.9-11.7 per 1000 population)....
Read full article
Source:
PubMed
Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) refers to the wide range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments that occur due to alcohol exposure before birth (also known as prenatal alcohol exposure). These impairments may appear at any time during childhood and last a lifetime.
Read full article
Source:
niaaa.nih.gov
Peer-Reviewed Research
Published, peer-reviewed scientific studies from journals or databases.
7
Alcohol and pregnancy: is drinking up two units twice a week ‘safe’ or should pregnant women completely abstain? - ARC West
We found very few studies that answered the research question on the specific range of alcohol exposure. The studies we found provided some evidence that even light alcoholconsumptioninpregnancy is associated with a small increase in risk of preterm delivery and babies being born small for ...
Read full article
Source:
ARC West
8
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Harm from prenatal alcohol exposure ... alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which are characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment with or without facial dysmorphology, congenital anomalies and poor growth....
Read full article
Source:
Nature
11
Global Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - PubMed
Results: A total of 24 unique studies ... of FASD among children and youth in the general population was estimated to be 7.7 per 1000 population (95% CI, 4.9-11.7 per 1000 population)....
Read full article
Source:
PubMed
13
Alcohol Use in Pregnancy - PMC
Previous studies have noted that overall maternal alcohol consumption, including first-trimester or late-pregnancy use, can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction as well as an increased risk of stillbirth.14,38,39 However, the impact of maternal specifically low-dose alcohol ...
14
Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among special subpopulations: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed
Prevalence estimates were collated for all included studies with country-, disorder- [FASDand fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)] and population-specific random-effects meta-analyses conducted. Setting and participants: A number of service-defined subpopulations globally (see Findings). Measurements: The main outcome ...
Read full article
Source:
PubMed
15
Population-based prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada | BMC Public Health | Full Text
Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the most disabling potential outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure. The population-based prevalenceofFASD among the general population of Canada was unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the population-based prevalence ...
Read full article
Source:
BioMed Central
Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis - ScienceDirect
Alcohol use during pregnancy is the direct cause of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy …
Read full article
Source:
sciencedirect.com
Is it all right for women to drink small amounts of alcohol in pregnancy? Yes - PMC
The BMA believes that “this will ... in pregnancy.” However, the department found that 9% of pregnant women drank more than the recommended limit—clearly a cause for concern. The reasons given for the changed advice are that there is confusion, the advice is unclear, and people don't understand what is meant by a unit of alcohol. I disagree with the solution. If we in the medical and midwifery professions have failed to communicate clearly to women the meaning of safelimits, then ...
Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies - PubMed
Researching the epidemiology and estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) for mainstream populations anywhere in the world has presented a challenge to researchers. Three major approaches have been used in the past: surveillance ...
Read full article
Source:
PubMed
The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure - PMC
However, any or all of the other ... may exacerbate the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. As a teratogen, alcohol is capable of directly inducing developmental abnormalities in a fetus. Alcoholuse during pregnancy is one of the most common known causes of ...
Clinical Guidelines & Professional Sources
Clinical recommendations from government, public health organizations, or professional medical provider associations.
1
About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person exposed to alcohol before birth. These conditions can affect each person in different ways and can range from mild to severe. People with FASDs can have lifelong effects, including problems with behavior ...
2
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus
Drinking alcohol while pregnant can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe is fetal alcohol syndrome. Learn the risks and available treatments and therapies.
Read full article
Source:
medlineplus.gov
5
About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy | Alcohol and Pregnancy | CDC
Alcohol use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause a range of lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum ...
6
Alcohol and pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Pregnant women are strongly urged not to drink alcoholduringpregnancy.
Read full article
Source:
medlineplus.gov
9
Alcohol and pregnancy | Ready Steady Baby!
Information about alcoholandpregnancy. Includes how alcohol can affect babies, making it more likely they'll be born early or underweight
Read full article
Source:
NHS Inform
12
Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) refers to the wide range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments that occur due to alcohol exposure before birth (also known as prenatal alcohol exposure). These impairments may appear at any time during childhood and last a lifetime.
Read full article
Source:
niaaa.nih.gov
Drinking alcohol while pregnant - NHS
Drinking during pregnancy can cause your baby to develop a serious life-long condition called fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). ... The risk is likely to be greater the more you drink.
Read full article
Source:
nhs.uk
Medical & Academic Institutions
Information from hospitals, research institutions, or academic medical centers known for clinical expertise and research contributions.
3
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that develops in a fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that happen together as the result of a particular disease or abnormal condition. When someone has fetal alcohol syndrome, they’re ...
Read full article
Source:
Cleveland Clinic
4
Alcohol and Pregnancy | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These are the most severe problems that can happen when a woman drinks during pregnancy. These include fetal death. Infants born with FAS have abnormal facial features.
10
Drinking while pregnant: What we know and what we don’t | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical Center
Stillbirth and fetal growth restriction also are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Results from a December 2021 study suggest that alcohol consumption in pregnancy leads to smaller placentas with abnormal blood vessels and abnormal function on the molecular level.
General Health & Web Sources
Publicly available health-related articles from non-peer-reviewed sources. These may reference research or clinical guidelines, but are not primary sources.
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Information from sources that have not yet been categorized.